These are X2M countries -- those which have transitioned from eXporters to iMporters. (For consistency, these data are mostly denominated in Exajoules -- 1 Ej = 163.5 million barrels = 0.45 Million barrels/day in 1 year -- with the vertical scale automatic, so please look at the numbers on the right for scale.)
Many of these countries conform to the "Export Land Model" that was defined and elaborated by Dallas Geologist Jeff Brown a number of years ago.
The X2M club of countries is growing...
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| For Syria, peak oil occurred in 1996. The crisis erupted in 2011 when oil consuption exceeded production. More details can be found here: Syria peak oil weakened governments finances ahead of Arab Spring in 2011 and here: The "Syrian Sickness": what crude oil gives, crude oil will take away. | |
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| More details can be found here. | |
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